When interpreting one letter can cause legal differences

Arabic with all its uniqueness has a variety of complexities. The uniqueness of them is to have a Diacritic Sign System (effort) who became a maid for the reader to avoid wrong reading. Similar to Javanese script with Sandhangan (Heluul, Submission, String, Stroke, Peptt). The difference, administration clothes In Javanese script is a must to change vocal letters. While giving effort In Arabic is optional.

As for the complexity of them, the readers are required to master a set of rules attached to him, namely science shawl (to guide correct reading in terms of words) and knowledge Nahwu (to guide the correct reading between sentences that are mostly focused on the final reading of a word). With these two knowledge, the reader already has a ‘provision’ to read properly. But sometimes it has not been able to get to the gate ‘comprehensive understanding’ if not studying knowledge Balaghah (Science discipline that serves to find out the hidden wisdom of a sentence). Not only that, Arabic is also very dependent on the context, for example lafadz كتب which allows to read “Said“(Write),”to steal“(Written), or”Pole“(Book). Hanging the meaning of what is needed by the context (contextual goals). Of course this is different from Indonesian or English whose writing uses the Latin alphabet, which can already be read without requiring context.

In determining a law of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), Arabic plays a very important role. How not, the source of jurisprudence was written in Arabic. Therefore, it is not uncommon for us to encounter differences in schools in a problem. For example is a verse about ablution ‘:

He, those who are safe, when you rise to place, then wash it, and your face, and I will give you the truth with your head and feet to the cable … verse (al -ma’idah: 6)

Meaning: “O, you believe, when you stand to apply your prayers, then wash your face and hands to the elbows and take your head and (wash) your feet to your legs … etc (QS Al-Ma’idah: 6)

This verse mentions the procedures for ablution ‘which includes 4 things:

1. Washing face
2. Wash both hands with elbows
3. Wiping his head
4. Wash both legs with eyes

The four fardlu mentioned in this verse was agreed (Muttafaq ‘alaih) by the four schools of school. But they differ in opinion (Mukhtalaf Fih) related to the level of rubbing the head when ablution ‘. Maliki Madzhab and Hanbali Madzhab argued that what became Fardlu Wudlu ‘was to rub the entire head. Whereas the Hanafi Madzhab and Syafi’i Madzhab argued that there were enough heads, while rubbing the entire head of the sunnah (Al-Juzairy, 2016).

Furthermore, the Hanafi school of Hanafi and Syafi’i schools were also different opinions related to the minimum limit of rubbing part of the head. Hanafi Madzhab believes at least a quarter of the head (Rub A-Raid), which is about the size of a palm (Miqdaaru KFFI Al-Aad). Whereas the Syafi’i Madzhab argued that it was quite part of it, although only a few. Even if you only rub a part of one strand of head hair (Ba’dh Sya’rotin waahidah) That is sufficient. As long as the hair does not come out of the head limit (Let Ar-Ra’si). If a person’s hair is long until the shoulder, for example, then he just rubbed the tip of his hair, then it was invalid, because it had come out of the head limit (Ad-Dimyathy, 1997; Al-Malibary, 2010).

If examined further, the difference between the four priests of the school above is related to the interpretation of letters Ba ‘ In verse (وَٱمۡسَحُوا۟ بِرُءُوسِكُمۡ). Imam Malik and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal argue that Ba ‘ is it not notification/additions that do not give any effect in terms of meaning. Namely, existence Ba ‘ There seems like that (Democracy comes from Adami). So that it still gives meaning from the meaning of “wishes (the whole) of your head”.

Contrasting with that, Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi’i argue that Ba ‘ it has a function of the meaning of the letter Stoples “Min “at-tab’idhiyyah (From white). Sehanga members of the impression of “partial” meaning. As the verse “Eyes who drink which servants of God” Ba ‘ There is also a “Min “at-tab’idhiyyah, i.e. Addition. Of course the opinions of the four priests of the school of schools are inseparable from the strong foundation of the hadiths of the Prophet.

Sayyid Bakri bin Muhammad Syatho (author of this book I’ANANAH AT-THIBIN) also gives a further explanation to support this opinion:

* (Clean your head) * and direct the significance enough with a few surveys that if you enter a lot – as in the verses – it is for bleaching, or in non -multiple, as in the words of the Almighty: * (and they surround the ancient house) * for adhesion (the appointment of the two students: part 1, p.)

Verse (فامسحوا برؤوسكم): The reason for the indication is enough to rub some is because if the letter Ba ‘ Enter plural form – as in the verse – then succeed Tab’i (part). If you enter into a non-jam form, as in the word of God: (وليطوفوا بالبيت العتيق) then function ILSHAQ (tap/attached) (Ad-Dimyathy, 1997).

How much does it cost order (order) ablution ‘. The Hanafi school and the Maliki school agreed that Tartib in ablution ‘was not included in Fardlu ablution, but Sunnah. Whereas the Syafi’i and Hanbali schools of schools believe that Tartib is included in Fardlu. Namely if it is not tartib, then the ablution is canceled.

If reviewed deeper, the difference between the two camps of this school lies in the letter Wawu Athaf In the verses of ablution above. In terms of nahwu science, Wawu Athaf According to the Basrah school, it functions to turn (My Muth a.). Arriving between M’Thuf ‘each person (sentence before Wawu Athaf) And M’Thuf (sentence after Wawu Athaf) It has the same position, there are no specific provisions which are entitled to take precedence or end. So this supports the opinion of the school that does not include order In fardlu ablution ‘. In a sense, ablution by putting the hands first then the face, or legs and then the hands, it remains valid. Because Tartib is not Fardlu, but Sunnah.

Meanwhile, according to the Kufa school of schools, Wawu Athaf Which serves to sort (Lithule). So that it gives the impression that ablution ‘must be in order according to the guidance of the wudlu’ verses above. This opinion supports the school that includes order In Fardlu Wudlu ‘(Ibn Aqil, 2010; Ibn Malik, 2010).

Therefore, it is not surprising that Imam Shafi’i pursues Arabic for 20 years only so that he is helped to understand fiqh (law in the Qur’an al-Karim and As-Sunnah) (Al-Baghdady, 2010).

Also read: Differences in Washing Elbow in Wudu

Author: Muhammad Syahri Romadhon

Editor: Muh Sutan